Lester Allan Pelton

Lester Allan Pelton Lester Allan Pelton Lester Allan PeltonVery little is known about the early life of Lester Allan Pelton, who was born in 1829 in Vermilion, OH. Caught up by gold fever and eager for adventure, he left Ohio in 1850 for California to strike it rich. After discovering mining was much more difficult than he had imagined, Pelton found other work, including wood milling, carpentry, and selling fish he caught in the Sacramento River. Pelton never strayed far from the gold camps. In 1860 he settled in Camptonville, along the Yuba River, a hotbed of placer mining activity. Here he worked as a carpenter and often traveled to the mining operations, where he studied the equipment and processes with an inventors eye. Steam heat was used to power most of the mining. Pelton noticed the huge amounts of wood that were needed to keep boilers going miners stripped the forest from the hillsides for miles around. Gathering wood also wasted an incredible amount of time and energy. Alth ough turbine water wheels were in use along bigger rivers, they were ineffective with lower-volume mountain streams. The Pelton water wheel. Always inventive, Pelton experimented with designing a better water wheel. Standard wheels had a row of single cups or buckets. Instead of the jet of water hitting the cups in the center, he designed a wheel with split buckets side by side that could harness the kinetic energy of a small volume of water flowing at high speed. Rather than having the water flow stopped by hitting the center of the cup on a standard wheel and wasting the kinetic energy, the water flow was split and deflected left and right into the dual buckets. This simple idea easily doubled the efficiency of the standard water wheel, raising it from 30-40% to as much as 90%. Pelton commented that my invention relates to certain improvements in water wheels of that class which are driven by the momentum of a stream of water delivered into buckets on the periphery of a wheel thro ugh a suitable discharge nozzle and under a high pressure . . . The stream of water is divided into two parts by a central ride which directs the current of water into the curved bottoms of the two halves of the bucket, from which it passes out over the flaring or divergent sides of the bucket, so as to escape smoothly and utilize the full reactionary force of the escaping stream, in addition to the direct force of the impinging jet. This unique design revolutionized the use of turbines in high-energy sites, such as small, fast-running mountain streams. This was made possible because Peltons wheel was driven by the kinetic energy of the water jet, rather than the pressure of the water hitting the cup (harder to accomplish efficiently in narrow, low-volume waterways). In the late 1870s Pelton successfully modeled, tested, and manufactured his first turbine wheel. The first operational Pelton wheel was installed at the Mayflower Mine in Nevada City in 1878. In 1895, a 30-foot-diameter wheel was installed at a gold mine in Grass Valley, CA. Peltons invention transformed the American West by replacing expensive, bulky steam engines at mining and construction sites with low-cost hydroelectric power. By the turn of the century the age of hydroelectric power was flourishing. Twenty years after forming Pelton Water Wheel Company in San Francisco to meet the growing demand for hydropower and hydroelectricity, Pelton died in 1908 at age 78. Later turbine designs (Turgo, Banki) were based on the Pelton wheel, which is still used today to produce hydroelectric power around the world. Mark Crawford is an independent writer.Peltons new water wheel design transformed the American West by replacing expensive, bulky steam engines at mining and construction sites with low-cost hydroelectric power.

Help! My Work Friend Got Promotedand Im Jealous

Help My Work Friend Got Promotedand Im JealousHelp My Work Friend Got Promoted- and Im JealousDear Fran,Im 31 years old and have been working in the engineering and project management industry for a little over 10 years, five at my current company. A good friend of mine started working at my company about two years ago but in the business development sector. Its been great to have herbeibei here because we can grab lunch or a quick chat anytime.Heres the issue- Ive had the same standort for my entire time at this company and after only a couple of years, she recently got a huge promotion. Window office, director title, six-figure salary, the whole bit. I know I should be happy for her, but I cant help but feel extremely jealous of her situation. Shes making more than I am by a good $30K and at her age, she is bound to keep on rising up the ranks.I guess I also worry about our friendship. How are we going to keep up break time chats and water-cooler talk when shes in a whole different hierarchy? How can I handle this whole thing more gracefully?Thanks,Dont want to be enviousDear EnviousAh, envy that little green monster that often seems to cause so much pain. It can rear its ugly head at friends, colleagues, celebrities, bosses, family members, and perfect strangers (in no particular order). It can glom on to someone elses courage, clarity of vision, emotional serenity, compassion, persistence, intelligence, quick wit, or success.Let me give you a personal example. As a writer, my most powerful envy comes when Im in the middle of a book and I suddenly find myself so profoundly moved or deeply amused by the words on the page that I have to stop and take a breath to contemplate (and envy) the authors skill. Here are a couple of random examples that stopped me this way Emma Donoghues Room Shira Naymans Awake in the Dark Patrick Suskinds Perfume Jeffrey Eugenides Middlesex and Cynthia Kaplans book of personal essays, Why Im Like This.Now I want you to notice that, o f the books that have stirred my green monster, some are bestsellers, some only sold a few thousand copies some were recently published, some years ago some were lauded by critics, some not so much. The truth is that while I might occasionally envy someones success, what I envy most powerfully is what I most value, certain qualities of character, and what I aspire to as a writer.So first, I want you to be clear about what it is that youre envying. Is it your friends success? The fact that she got chosen for a promotion and you didnt? That she got a lucky break and you didnt? The six-figure salary? Or does your envy stem from your fear shes more skilled at her job than you are at yours?I ask you these questions because I think it will help you to separate that which is mostly beyond your control and concentrate on that which is primarily in your control. Life is certainly not fair and your friends success may well be due to sheer good luck, which is painfully beyond your control.What is in your control, and what you can concentrate on, is how to be the best you can be at your job. Identify things that would make you promotable and work on those skills. Separate what is going on with your friends promotion from the realities of your position and the likelihood of moving up. If you truly feel that a promotion is due, pursue it with your manager.Another worthwhile consideration is whether you actually enjoy and are stimulated by your current position. If youre bored, or find yourself eyeing your friends (or another) field that seems more interesting or presents more opportunities for advancement, take some steps in that direction. Maybe her job change will prove to be a catalyst for you to make some changes for yourself. You dont necessarily need to wait around for management to give you a bump up the ladder maybe its time for you to pursue a new industry or a new company that will provide the opportunities that you are seeking.Next, you call this woman a good fri end, but I wonder if shes a real friend. Is she someone you can actually talk to, or is your relationship merely centered around the water cooler chat? Are you worried about her throwing her new position in the hierarchy around because she already has? If so, then Id stop thinking of her as your good friend and try to gracefully back away while continuing with the superficial water cooler chat.My standards for a good friendship, however, are a little different. I root for my friends to reach their goals, I applaud their achievements, and I expect them to do the same for me. A quality friendship is based on whether I can talk to and confide in my friends, and whether they they can talk to and confide in me. I feel that friends are real friends because they share honest feelings with each other, and can allow themselves to be or appear vulnerable.If this were me, and I thought she was my good friend, Id find a time when she and I werent at work, and share some of my feelings surroundi ng her promotion. I might casually say that Id been hoping for a promotion, too, or even confess how envious I am I might ask her how or why she thinks she got the promotion, and maybe even ask her for some suggestions. And then Id watch very carefully to see how she handled the situation. This is a tricky time for your friendship. If shes really your friend, shell offer her support and hear out your disappointments in a loving way. If a candid conversation like that didnt go smoothly, Id seriously think about how close of a friend she really is.I wish you the best of luck in your career and your friendship, and Im glad you wrote in and asked.FranRead More From FranHow to Calm and Be ClearHave a question for Fran? Email questionsthemuse.comPhoto of women working courtesy of Shutterstock.

4 Execs Talk Career Bets Over a Poker Game [VIDEO]- The Muse

4 Execs Talk Career Bets Over a Poker Game VIDEO- The Muse4 Execs Talk Career Bets Over a Poker Game VIDEO- The MuseWe sat down with four executives from Caesars Entertainment over a friendly game of poker to find out what its like to work above one of the top casinos in Vegas. But instead of talking about who has the best hand, we learned what two traits they look for in talent, how they grew their careers, and much more.

Job Seekers Do You Engage in Risky Internet Behavior

Job Seekers Do You Engage in Risky world wide web BehaviorJob Seekers Do You Engage in Risky Internet Behavior6Spyware, adware, viruses, phishing scams, and job scams- if youre engaging in risky Internet behavior, youll probably encounter at least one, and perhaps several of behauptung nasty things.Job scams are of particular interest to the team at , because our mission is to help job seekersavoidjob scams by creating a safe space to search for legitimate telecommuting and flexible jobs.So, if youre searching for a job online, how can you stay safe and avoid risky Internet behaviors that place you in harms way?As far back as 2006, the FBI warned people about thedangers of job scams, work-from-home included. Tenyears later, the warning signs the FBI listed, and the advice it gave, are still very much applicable in todays online job market.The only difference? Today, scammers trap people ineven more sophisticated ways.Is it possible that YOU engage in risky job search Internet behavio rs that expose you to scams?Some of the most common risky Internet behaviors related to job searching includePosting your entire resume onlineToo many details, like your home address or phone number, leave you open to scams.Providing personal informationBefore youve even been offered a job, scam employers will often ask for info like your bank account or credit card numbers, social security number, a scan of your drivers license, or other sensitive data.Taking jobs that seem easyIf you want to make quick cash online, there are plenty of scammers waiting to take advantage of you. Moving money through wire transfers, reshipping products, assembling crafts- these are alltypical easy money scam jobs.Accepting job offers without an interviewScammers sometimes offer a job right up front, without any application process or screening interviews.Accepting job offers from out of the blueScammers alsocontact people through LinkedInand other sites to offer them a job, even when they havent appl ied for one.Not doing enough research on a company before taking a jobJob seekers need to do a good amount of company research to determine whether theyre dealing with a legitimate or fake employer.Ignoring a gut feeling that something just isnt rightLogically, most of us are fairly good at detecting unusual situations or strange behavior. But when youre searching from a job, you may ignore the signs that something is amiss because youreallywant/need a job.To stay away from job scams, and be able to spot those that come your way, here are some quick tipsKnow the latest job scams.On the blog, we have a whole section dedicated to news and information related to job scams. Check out ourAvoiding Job Scamsblog category to learn the latest job scams, such asreshipping scams,bogus Post Office jobs, andseasonal or holiday job scams.Use the best keywords.Dont searchwork-from-home or work-at-home jobs because those phrases are commonly used by scammers. Instead, use goodjob search keywordsli ke telecommuting job, virtual job, and remote job, which are far more likely to be used by legitimate employers.Trust your research and your gut.Research each company extensivelybefore interviewing for a job or accepting an offer. And at any point along the way, if something seems too good to be true, or gives you pause, pay attention to those feelings and proceed with extreme caution.Use for a guaranteed scam-free job search.Our team of researchers screens every job and company before itsposted to our site to identify and remove scam jobs before our job seekers are exposed. Searching for a job on means youll find onlylegitimate, professional-level listings. Youll save time and wont have to worry about job scams.Readers, have you been avoiding risky Internet behavior in your online job search? Do you think youve ever seen a job scam? Share your story in the comments sectionSaraSuttoncontributed to this post.

How we think about introverts and solitude may be all wrong

How we think about introverts and solitude may be all wrongHow we think about introverts and solitude may be all wrongThanks to Susan Cains bestselling book on the power of introverts,popular personality quizzes, and jokes of those quizzes, introversion has come to mean many different things to different people, but the central idea remains the same that introverts prefer solitude mora than other people. In general, they get their energy from being alone, while extroverts get their energy from being around people.But a new study complicates these assumptions, suggesting that introverts do not like solitude anymore than extroverts. Liking your own company has less to do with introversion and more to do with how you think about autonomy, a new paper inPsyArXiv argues.Just because you are an introvert, it doesnt mean you love being aloneWhen the researchers recruited hundreds of students to spend 15 minutes alone each day and document their experience about it, they found that introvert s enjoyed solitude no more than extroverts. Introversion and extraversion did not determine a participants solitary enjoyment, but a different personality trait - dispositional autonomy - did.People who had a lot of dispositional autonomy were resistant to pressure from others, and interested in learning more about their personal experiences and emotions, tended to approach solitude with choice and see it as valuable and worthwhile.Under this new personality paradigm, you do not enjoy solitude simply because you are a hermit who hates company, but because you are able to self-regulate your emotions and experiences. When you have a strong sense of self and feel in control of your life, solitude becomes an enjoyable experience.Of course, we need to take these conclusions with a grain of salt as this research has not yet been peer-reviewed, but it does challenge the assertion that introversion automatically means you love being alone.Like the quote from Jean-Paul Sartre If youre lone ly when youre alone, youre in bad company, the study concluded. The extent that individuals are compelled by guilt, anxiety, or avoidance rather than approaching experiences with self-reflection and interest, they will find solitude an unpleasant experience, and derive little enjoyment from time spent alone.

Whispered What Is the Difference between a C.v.and a Resume Secrets

Whispered What Is the Difference between a C.v.and a Resume Secrets Your CV is the very first chance you get to generate a great impression on a possible employer. Its also sensible to provide your referee a copy of your CV and keep them current by means of your job search progress. An application on the opposite hand is an official letter that tells your interested recruiter that youve got the qualities they need as stipulated in where you found their requirement. Before you commence sending your resume in place of a CV, the very first thing youve got to be aware of is how a CV isnt the exact same as a resume. Up in Arms About What Is the Difference Between a C.v.and a Resume? A Curriculum Vitae is utilized to underline the overall talent of the candidate instead of specific skills for a certain ort. Select an Appropriate Curriculum Vitae Format Make sure you select a curriculum vitae format thats acceptable for the position youre applying for. The scholarship CV needs to h ave a purpose. A curriculum vitae cv stipulates an overview of your experience and techniques. Facts, Fiction and What Is the Difference Between a C.v.and a Resume For example, if you are asking for a graphic designers job, you can consist of graphics in the resume. If you own a lot of work in the digital space, look at adding different varieties of interactive content into the CV. Write down the skills youre sure of and those that you possess. The format you decide on should promote your top qualifications, so be sure to choose a format that will help you present your top-pick price. Life, Death, and What Is the Difference Between a C.v.and a Resume In the united states the primary difference between a cv and a resume is the aim of the documents. No matter the reason, youre prepared to begin your resume or CV writing but are not certain of design, language, and best process of delivery. The conditions and c.v. are occasionally used interchangeably. Never use jargon if it is possible to consider an everyday equivalent. New Step by Step Roadmap for What Is the Difference Between a C.v.and a Resume CV is a lengthy application document and might be even 5 pages long. In case youre confused about the best way to format a CV, you can look at the documents weve attached, which haveA sample CVsA that will assist you out. While an application letter may not be utilised to make many applications, a CV can be employed to create several applications thats the reason why it is requested more frequently than application letters. A letter thats attached to or sent with a different document (i.e. CV or resume) and contains the overview of some other document is called Cover Letter. Choosing Good What Is the Difference between a C.v.and a Resume Based at work and application schriftart together with your profile and experience, you can choose anyone. Possessing a well-written, appropriately-formatted C.V. can indicate the difference between getting work in terview and not making the brief list. If you would like to be confused then you should just look at the many sorts of resumes used today. You are able to browse the various types of resumes and find one which meets your requirements. Any experience thats pertinent to the career goal can be thought to be a work experience. For example, if you were involved in creating a study in college, and youre asking for a job for a researcher, you can use that experience to boost your odds of finding the job. In a CV, as an example, if youre asking for work in education, you may want to place your teaching experience near the top of your CV. An extreme hypothetical instance is, suppose theres an overall manager of a fast service burger joint interviewing for short purchase fry cooks. Most people dont spend as much time on their CV since they should, so in the darbietung you compose a professional, higher quality CV you will stick out from the rest. The likelihood that companies will per mit you to understand what you want to submit is actually pretty significant. Allow the employer know how you learned about the position and why youd be a great fit for the organization. Its important to adjust a resume to a particular position as a way to fit the requirements and requirements. What the In-Crowd Wont Tell You About What Is the Difference Between a C.v.and a Resume A typical resume will incorporate the subsequent information. You may not be good at it but an on-line search on the best way to write scholarship CVs and receiving examples will be useful. A Secret Weapon for What Is the Difference Between a C.v.and a Resume Additionally, there are the expenses of textbooks, housing, and basic living expenses. To summarize Curriculum Vitaeon the other hand ought to be the preferred choice for fresh graduates or people trying to find a career change. A resume doesnt need to be ordered chronologically, or cover your entire career. If you want to travel for your g ap year but dont think you are able to afford it, take some time to investigate volunteer programs and financial aid options which may help it become possible.

The Email Plague Are You Writing Wisely

The Email Plague Are You Writing Wisely In todays workplace, email has replaced the heretofore ubiquitous office memo as the primary form of inter- and intra-office communications. But so quickly do ansicht modern message bearers collect in our inboxes that it is often the case that we hastily answer them in an attempt to juggle all of our other daily responsibilities. What is notlage often considered is how easy it is to transform a five-second email into a rude or annoying message that can affect your office relationships. If you find yourself a perpetuator of any of the following irritating email habits fear not, there are a handful of simple strategies to avoid them in your future exchanges. I. Using your emails like text messagesWhoever you are in the chain of command, it is important to remember that emails and texting are not the same thing. Using an email subject line to convey a message o nly conveys one thing loud and clear the recipient isnt worth your time. Its annoying, potentially insulting and not worth the fifteen seconds you saved by doing it. Instead, keep your subject line to a couple of words and take a few extra seconds to type out a complete sentence or two.II. Emphasizing important text by bolding, capitalizing, or otherwise accenting the wordsThough you may be doing it simply as a way to catch the eye of the reader, using all caps or highlighting demands or instructions carries an air of condescension. The extra attention given to specific text is abrasive and unnecessary. Instead, use bullet points or less offensive formatting such as italicizing to point out important details. Make your email subject line informative and keep your messages as concise as possible so the chance of reading over information is kept to a minimum.III. Always using reply allAs with the extra added emphasis on important text, replying to all recipients when emailing a cowork er back with assistance or corrections can seem condescending, or even aggressive, especially if one of the recipients is a manager or executive. In effect, its like criticizing the person right in front of their boss. When you are replying to a rundfunkstation with suggestions, helpful hints, or constructive criticism, start a different thread, or even make a call or desk visit, so that you avoid making him or her look incompetent or incapable.IV. Ignoring polite salutations in the name of brevityWhen you are rushed, email etiquette can seem an unnecessary formality, especially if you already have an email signature. But leaving out your name at the end of an email is sloppy and rude. Its like exiting a face-to-face conversation by walking away without a see ya later. You can simply add a thanks to your signature and have it auto-populated every time you send a message. This means virtually no additional work for you, and a more polite and professional appearance for your emails.So , instead of eschewing politeness and risking offense while you are powering through your inbox, take a few additional seconds to make sure your emails are professional. Always keep in mind that emails are not like texting and can reflect negatively on you should you use them as such. With the above quick fixes, you can avoid some common workplace blunders and risking a mark on your reputation.